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Alabama cavefish
The Alabama cavefish, ''Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni'', is a critically endangered cavefish found in underground pools in Key Cave, located in northwestern Alabama, United States in the Key Cave National Wildlife Refuge. This is the only known location of the fish, and it was discovered underneath a colony of gray bats in 1974 by Cooper and Kuehne.
Only 9 specimens of the cavefish have been observed, and scientists estimate fewer than 100 are left. This fish is believed to be the rarest of American cavefish and one of the rarest of all freshwater fish. It is the most specialized cavefish known, and exists in a fragile ecosystem based on nutrient-rich guano of the gray bat. Researchers have failed to find the fish in any other location.
==Habitat and distribution==
The Alabama cavefish is one of the rarest troglobitic fish species in North America. When this species was discovered in 1970, it was so unusual, a new genus was created for its description. The species is restricted to Key Cave in Lauderdale County, Alabama, with only 9 specimens having been collected. Because the underground water system in the area is so widespread, it was hoped that the cavefish had dispersed to other sites. However, studies of 120 other caves in the area, conducted since 1977, have failed to locate any other cavefish populations. The number of individuals in the Key Cave population is estimated to be less than 100. In 1988, the Alabama cavefish was reclassified from "threatened" to "endangered". Two reports of these fish in nearby Collier Cave are unconfirmed. Both caves are protected and inaccessible to the public.
Its longevity ranges from five to 10 years, but it reproduces slower than all other cave-dwellers. Because its known range is limited to a single cave, the Alabama cavefish has an uncertain future, being threatened by changes in groundwater quality and level, changes in aquifer characteristics, and diminished organic input. It also may compete with the syntopic southern cavefish, ''Typhlichthys subterraneus''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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